Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (Cystitis)

Common Lower Urinary Conditions

In order of how frequently they are seen in cats:

• Sterile cystitis (inflammation of the bladder without infection)
• Urinary crystals
• Bladder stones
• Bacterial infection (least common in otherwise healthy cats)

Bacterial infections are actually uncommon in healthy cats and are more frequently seen when urine becomes dilute due to conditions such as chronic kidney disease.

Why Hydration Matters

Dry food diets tend to result in chronically concentrated urine, even when cats appear to drink normally. Concentrated urine increases the likelihood of mineral formation in the bladder.

These minerals can form tiny particles (crystals) or larger stones. Both can cause:

• Blood in the urine
• Painful urination
• Frequent trips to the litter box
• Straining or crying while urinating

All of these conditions, except true bacterial infection, have been associated with chronic dehydration and highly concentrated urine.

The Role of Diet

Many cats fed a diet of 100% canned food receive significantly more moisture through their diet, which helps dilute urine and flush the urinary tract.

Prescription urinary diets are sometimes necessary, particularly for dissolving certain types of crystals or stones. However, in many cases, long-term prescription diets are not required once hydration and environmental factors are addressed.

Posture and Signs of Pain

A normal urination posture is relaxed, with the head slightly lowered.

A painful posture may include:

• Hunched or arched back
• Tense muscles
• Front legs more vertical
• Vocalizing during urination

Key Takeaway

Hydration is one of the most powerful protective factors in preventing lower urinary tract disease. Moisture-rich diets, stress reduction, and early veterinary intervention greatly improve outcomes.